Potential Symbiotic Effects of ?-1,3 Glucan, and Fructooligosaccharides on the Growth Performance, Immune Response, Redox Status, and Resistance of Pacific White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei to Fusarium solani Infection

The potential effects of dietary supplementation with ?-1,3 glucan and fructooligosaccharides (?-1,3 GF) on antioxidant activities, immunological response, growth performance Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) was investigated. Four diets (iso-energetic iso-nitrogenous) different levels GF (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 g kg?1) were fed to healthy juveniles weighing 3 ± 0.5 for 75 days. Shrimps randomly distributed into 12 net enclosures at a density 30 shrimp/net, the experiment performed in triplicate. results revealed that long-term kg?1 significantly improved weight gain, feed conversion ratio, digestive enzyme profiles compared control diet group. However, there no substantial variations contents moisture, crude protein, total lipids, ash muscles diets. Surprisingly, all antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase) immune biomarkers (lysozyme, hemocyte count, phenol oxidase, respiratory burst) activities elevated increasing diet, highest values recorded groups. Challenge test F. solani could cause high mortality rate (86.7%) group normal basal within 14 days dose 5 × 104 conidia mL?1. treated groups doses showed resistance against solani, represented by lower cumulative rates (20–43.3%) Moreover, most infected typical black brown gill lesion similar observed natural infection, where an identical fungus successfully re-isolated from gills muscles. Overall, this study recommends appropriate incorporation level enhance improve non-specific immunity, disease L. vannamei, optimal kg?1.